Islam is the religion of tawhid (the oneness of God) [1] and according to Islam, creation is a property peculiar to Allah alone. Everything created according to this belief system also belongs to Allah. [2] His creations cannot be equal to himself. It is clearly mentioned in the Quran that Allah did not give birth and was not begotten: “Say: He is Allah, [who is] One,
Allah—the Sustainer ˹needed by all; He neither begets nor is born; Nor is there to Him any equivalent.[3]
Prophet Isa (Jesus) [Peace be upon him] is one of the prophets mentioned in the Quran and sent to Israelites. It is stated in the Quran that Prophet Isa (Jesus) was created in the womb of his mother, Mary and without a father, by Allah’s willing. [4] The fact that the Prophet Isa (Jesus) was born without a father has been perceived as a reason for divinity in some societies and in some belief systems. However, for a god who created the first man out of nothing, it is very easy for a mother to create a baby in her womb without a father.[5]
Again, in the Quran, the life, and miracles of Prophet Isa (Jesus) are mentioned in many verses. Miracles are extraordinary states that occur by the will of Allah and are given to prophets to guide people to the right path. Sometimes this happens in the form of extraordinary events such as splitting the sea [6], sometimes the moon splitting into two [7]. Prophet Isa (Jesus) was given the miracle of resurrecting the dead [8]. This situation sometimes caused confusion and attribution of divinity. However, just as this feature was given to other prophets by Allah, so is Prophet Isa’s (Jesus) resurrection of the dead. According to Islam, all prophets, including the Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessing be upon him), are servants and prophets created by Allah. [9]
Attributing concepts such as spouse, son, father, etc. to Allah raises from thinking of Him “within limits” like a human being. However, time and space limits are unthinkable for Allah. If Allah had a limited life like the ones He created; He could not have possessed the qualities of knowing, creating, and protecting everything. As a result, concepts such as children and spouses are human concepts and are the results of several needs. However, Allah does not demand for need. He created wives and children; It is impossible for him to need the things he has created. Therefore, the idea that he is the son of Allah is unacceptable in Islam.[10]
[1] An-Nisa/87, Al-Baqarah/63, Al-An’ am/102, An-Nahl/51 etc
[2] Az-Zumar/62
[3] Al-Ikhlas/ 1-4
[4] Ali’Imran/47
[5] Ar-Rum/27, Ali’Imran/59
[6] Ash-Shuraa/63
[7] Al-Qamar/ 1-8
[8] Ali’Imran/49
[9] Maryam/30
[10] At-Tawba/30